Intestinal glands

Glands within the intestinal lining that play a crucial role in digestion and nutrient absorption.

Intestinal glands, also known as crypts of Lieberkühn, are specialized invaginations found primarily in the mucosal layer of the small intestine. They are responsible for secreting various enzymes and fluids that aid in the breakdown of food, facilitating nutrient absorption. These glands also contribute to the maintenance of the intestinal barrier and house immune cells that help protect against pathogens.

Terminologia Anatomica

glandulae intestinales

System

Digestive system

Function

The primary function of intestinal glands lies in their role in digestion and maintaining the health of the intestinal lining. The secretions of these glands include digestive enzymes such as maltase, sucrase, and lactase, which are essential for breaking down carbohydrates into simple sugars, enabling better absorption into the bloodstream. Additionally, intestinal glands produce mucus, which helps protect the intestinal walls from digestive acids and mechanical abrasion caused by food particles. Beyond digestion, these glands play a vital role in the immune response; they secrete antimicrobial substances that help combat harmful bacteria and pathogens in the gut, thereby contributing to the body’s overall defense system. This multifaceted functionality not only facilitates the efficient absorption of nutrients but also ensures a balanced intestinal environment that is crucial for overall health.

Location

Intestinal glands are primarily located within the mucosa of the small intestine, specifically distributed along the inner surface between the villi, which are small finger-like projections that increase the surface area for absorption. Each intestinal gland opens into the intestinal lumen, where it releases its secretions directly into the digestive tract. The composition of the intestinal lining varies among different segments of the intestine, with a greater density of these glands found in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, reflecting their important role in various stages of digestion and nutrient absorption. Additionally, similar structures can be found in the large intestine, though they are less numerous. This strategic location allows intestinal glands to efficiently respond to the digestive process and maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier.

Did You Know?

Intestinal glands are named after the German anatomist Wilhelm Lieberkühn, who first described them in the 19th century.
These glands not only secrete digestive enzymes but also have a significant role in the renewal of intestinal epithelial cells, which are continuously shed and replaced.
The mucus secreted by intestinal glands helps protect the gut lining from harsh digestive substances and supports the movement of food through the intestine.