Ceruminous glands

Secretory glands in the ear that produce earwax, contributing to ear health and hygiene.

Ceruminous glands, also known as earwax glands, are specialized sweat glands located in the external auditory canal. These modified apocrine glands produce a waxy substance called cerumen, commonly known as earwax. This secretion plays a critical role in maintaining the health of the ear canal by trapping debris and dust, preventing them from reaching the eardrum.

Terminologia Anatomica

glandulae ceruminosae

System

Integumentary system

Function

The main function of ceruminous glands is to produce cerumen, which serves multiple purposes in protecting the ear. The waxy consistency of cerumen helps to moisturize the skin in the ear canal, preventing dryness and potential skin infections. Additionally, the sticky texture of cerumen traps dust, debris, and microorganisms, effectively cleaning the ear and minimizing the risk of infection. Cerumen also has a slight antibacterial property, which further contributes to the ear's defense mechanisms. While it is important for ear health, excessive build-up of cerumen can lead to blockages, discomfort, and hearing loss, necessitating careful cleaning and maintenance of ear hygiene.

Location

Ceruminous glands are located within the skin of the external auditory canal, which extends from the outer ear to the eardrum. This canal is approximately 2.5 centimeters long in adults and is composed of both cartilage and bone. The ceruminous glands are distributed throughout the canal, particularly in the outer third, where they open into the ear canal. The secreted cerumen is naturally expelled from the ear through movements such as chewing and jaw motions, helping to keep the canal clean of excess debris.

Did You Know?

Cerumen can vary in color from light yellow to dark brown depending on factors such as genetics and environmental influences.
Some individuals have more active ceruminous glands than others, leading to differences in earwax production.
Cerumen has natural antimicrobial properties, which help protect the ear from infections.
The amount of earwax produced can be influenced by factors such as age, hormonal changes, and health conditions.