Metatarsophalangeal joints

The joints that connect the metatarsal bones of the foot to the proximal phalanges of the toes.

Metatarsophalangeal joints are synovial joints found in the foot that serve as the connections between the metatarsal bones and the proximal phalanges of the toes. Each foot contains five such joints, one for each toe, allowing for significant movement in the toe region during walking and other activities.

Terminologia Anatomica

metatarsophalangeal-joint

System

Skeletal system

Function

The primary function of the metatarsophalangeal joints is to facilitate the articulation of the toes with the rest of the foot, thereby playing a crucial role in locomotion and balance. These joints enable flexion and extension movements, allowing the toes to bend and straighten, which is essential for pushing off the ground during walking or running. Additionally, the metatarsophalangeal joints provide stability while allowing slight movements that contribute to the adaptive changes needed for uneven surfaces. Proper function of these joints is vital for maintaining an efficient gait, as any dysfunction can lead to biomechanical problems that affect the entire lower limb.

Location

The metatarsophalangeal joints are located at the distal ends of the metatarsal bones, which are the long bones in the middle of the foot. Each joint is positioned between the rounded heads of the metatarsals and the corresponding base of the proximal phalanges of the toes. Specifically, the first metatarsophalangeal joint connects the first metatarsal bone to the base of the big toe (hallux), while the subsequent joints connect the remaining metatarsals to their respective proximal phalanges. Collectively, these joints lie on the plantar surface of the foot, creating a critical area of articulation that supports dynamic movements.

Did You Know?

The metatarsophalangeal joints are crucial for the push-off phase of walking, contributing significantly to forward motion.
They are commonly referred to as MTP joints in clinical settings.
Rugby, soccer, and other sports put immense stress on these joints, often leading to injuries like sprains or arthritis.
The first metatarsophalangeal joint is the largest and most important, playing a key role in weight-bearing activities.
These joints allow not just flexion and extension but also a small degree of abduction and adduction, enhancing the foot's adaptability.