Femoral artery

A major blood vessel responsible for supplying oxygenated blood to the thigh and lower leg.

The femoral artery is the largest artery in the thigh, continuing from the external iliac artery. It plays a crucial role in delivering oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the lower extremities. This artery can be easily accessed for medical procedures, such as catheterization, due to its superficial location.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria femoralis

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the femoral artery is to supply blood to the muscles and tissues of the thigh and lower leg, ensuring they receive the oxygen and nutrients necessary for mobility and function. As a continuation of the external iliac artery, it carries oxygenated blood away from the heart. From the femoral artery, several branches arise, including the profunda femoris (deep femoral artery), which further supplies the inner and posterior regions of the thigh with blood. This facilitates the performance of daily activities such as walking, running, and climbing. Ensuring a healthy blood flow through the femoral artery is vital for preventing ischemic conditions, which could lead to pain, muscle weakness, or tissue damage due to a lack of oxygen and nutrients.

Location

The femoral artery is located in the thigh, beginning at the midpoint of the inguinal ligament, where it transitions from the external iliac artery. It travels down the anterior aspect of the thigh, running through the femoral triangle, which is bordered by the inguinal ligament, sartorius, and adductor longus muscles. As it descends, the femoral artery gives rise to several important branches before it becomes the popliteal artery behind the knee. Its superficial course makes it easily palpable in the groin area and it can be accessed for medical procedures by professionals.

Did You Know?

The femoral artery is a common site for catheterization during cardiovascular procedures due to its accessibility.
In cases of severe leg injury or trauma, the femoral artery can be a critical vessel to assess for potential bleeding and vascular damage.
Anatomically, the femoral artery can be used as a landmark for locating nearby structures such as nerves and muscles.