Calcaneus

The largest bone in the foot, primarily connecting the foot to the ground and facilitating mobility.

The calcaneus, commonly known as the heel bone, is the largest bone in the foot and serves as the foundation for the hindfoot. It is located at the posterior aspect of the foot and plays a crucial role in weight-bearing and movement.

Terminologia Anatomica

calcaneus

System

Skeletal system

Function

The primary function of the calcaneus is to bear the weight of the body during standing, walking, and running. It acts as a lever for the muscles of the lower leg, contributing to the push-off phase of walking and running. The calcaneus also provides stability and balance while standing on uneven surfaces, thanks to its structural design and its articulation with other bones in the foot. This bone absorbs shock and helps maintain the foot's arch, distributing forces evenly across the foot during various activities.

Location

The calcaneus is located at the back of the foot, directly beneath the ankle joint and behind the cuboid bone. It forms the calcaneal prominence, which can be palpated under the skin at the heel. It articulates with the talus above, playing a vital role in the subtalar joint, which allows for inversion and eversion of the foot. Additionally, it is positioned laterally to the navicular bone and anteriorly to the heel pad, making it a central component of the foot's architecture.

Did You Know?

The calcaneus can bear up to several times a person's body weight while running.
Fractures of the calcaneus are one of the most common foot injuries, often associated with high-impact activities.
The bone is not just a solid structure; it has an internal organization that includes a network of trabecular bone to enhance strength and flexibility.