Internal carotid artery

This vital blood vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the brain, neck, and face.

The internal carotid artery is a major blood vessel that originates from the common carotid artery, providing essential blood flow to the brain. It divides into several branches upon entering the skull, thus playing a crucial role in cerebral circulation.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria carotis interna

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the internal carotid artery is to deliver oxygen-rich blood to critical regions of the brain. It supplies the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, which in turn nourish significant portions of the cerebral cortex, responsible for various higher brain functions including cognition, sensation, and motor control. Proper blood flow through this artery is essential for maintaining brain health and function. Any obstruction or disruption in its blood supply could lead to ischemia, resulting in potentially devastating neurological deficits.

Location

The internal carotid artery begins as a branch of the common carotid artery, which is located at the level of the fourth cervical vertebra (C4) in the neck. It ascends within the carotid sheath, running alongside the internal jugular vein and the vagus nerve. Upon reaching the base of the skull, it enters the cranial cavity through the carotid canal of the temporal bone. Inside the skull, the internal carotid artery bifurcates into its terminal branches (the anterior and middle cerebral arteries), supplying different regions of the brain with vital oxygenated blood.

Did You Know?

The internal carotid artery is responsible for approximately 75% of the blood supply to the brain.
The artery has a unique structure featuring baroreceptors that help regulate blood pressure.
Variations in the anatomy of the internal carotid artery are common and can impact surgical interventions.
In cases of severe blockage, the body may develop collateral circulation pathways to compensate for the reduced blood flow.