Pronator teres

The primary function of the pronator teres is to facilitate pronation, the movement that rotates the forearm so that the palm faces downwards. This action is vital for everyday activities such as typing, using tools, or handling objects. Along with this rotational movement, the pronator teres also contributes to elbow flexion, working in conjunction with other muscles to allow for smooth, controlled movements of the forearm and hand. Its ability to perform these functions makes it important for both gross motor skills, such as lifting or pushing, and fine motor skills, including tasks like writing or grasping small items. Dysfunction or injury to the pronator teres can severely impact the quality of these everyday activities.

The pronator teres is located in the anterior compartment of the forearm. It originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, a bony protrusion on the inner side of the elbow, and extends diagonally across the forearm to insert at the mid-shaft of the radius, which is one of the two long bones of the forearm. This positioning allows it to effectively influence the rotation of the radius during pronation. It lies superficial to several other muscles, making it relatively easy to palpate in a healthy individual.

• The pronator teres is often used in sports that require precise grip and hand control, such as tennis or golf.
• This muscle is one of the two main pronators of the forearm, the other being the pronator quadratus.
• In addition to its muscular function, the pronator teres can be involved in some types of repetitive strain injuries if overworked.