External iliac vein

A major blood vessel that drains deoxygenated blood from the lower limbs and pelvis back to the heart.

The external iliac vein is a large vein that plays a crucial role in the circulatory system. It is responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood from the lower limbs and the pelvis back towards the heart. As it ascends, the external iliac vein becomes the common femoral vein after it merges with the deep femoral vein, highlighting its importance in the venous return of blood from the lower body.

Terminologia Anatomica

vena-iliaca-externa

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the external iliac vein is to collect and carry deoxygenated blood from the leg and pelvic region back to the heart, thereby playing a critical role in maintaining venous return and ensuring efficient circulation. The blood it carries is relatively low in oxygen due to the metabolic activities of the lower limbs. The proper functioning of the external iliac vein is essential for effective energy delivery and waste removal from the muscle tissues. Additionally, it aids in regulating blood flow and pressure in the lower body, especially during physical activities such as walking or running. If the external iliac vein is compromised due to injury or disease, it can lead to complications such as thrombosis, where a blood clot can form, potentially causing swelling and pain in the affected area, and adversely impacting overall circulatory efficiency.

Location

The external iliac vein is anatomically located in the pelvic region, following the course of the external iliac artery, which runs alongside it. It is formed by the merging of the femoral vein and the deep femoral vein at the level of the inguinal ligament, positioned approximately midway between the hip joint and pubic symphysis. As the external iliac vein ascends, it travels posterior to the inguinal ligament. Its trajectory continues as it moves towards the abdomen, where it eventually becomes the common iliac vein after uniting with the internal iliac vein. The external iliac vein's location is vital for its function, as it directly collects blood from both the lower limbs and the pelvic region, making it crucial for the overall venous return system.

Did You Know?

The external iliac vein is larger in diameter than its counterpart, the external iliac artery, which carries oxygen-rich blood.
The blood from the external iliac vein is filtered by the heart and lungs before it receives oxygen again.
In certain medical procedures, such as vascular surgeries, the external iliac vein can be used as a conduit for bypass grafts.