Ureters

The primary function of the ureters is to transport urine from the kidneys, where it is produced through a process of filtration and reabsorption, to the bladder for storage and eventual excretion. This transport occurs via a series of wave-like muscle contractions known as peristalsis, which propel urine downward despite the force of gravity. Additionally, valves at the junction where the ureters connect with the bladder prevent the backflow of urine, ensuring the proper flow from the kidneys to the storage bladder. The smooth muscle lining of the ureters also plays a crucial role by contracting rhythmically, which not only assists in moving urine but also regulates the flow rate to maintain optimal urinary function.

The ureters originate from the renal pelvis of each kidney, positioned in the retroperitoneal space, which is the area behind the abdominal cavity. From the kidneys, the ureters descend obliquely through the abdomen, running parallel to the spine, and continue into the pelvic cavity. They ultimately enter the bladder at an angle, which is a vital factor in the prevention of backflow, enhancing their function in the urinary system. Each ureter can be found traversing the typical path from the kidney down to the bladder, passing over the iliac vessels and lying adjacent to reproductive organs in both males and females, showcasing their anatomical significance in relation to surrounding structures.

• Ureters are capable of stretching and contracting, allowing them to accommodate different volumes of urine.
• In some animals, such as reptiles, ureters can also play a role in the evacuation of waste products in addition to their urinary function.
• If kidney stones form, they can travel down the ureters and cause pain or blockage, sometimes requiring medical intervention.