Capitate

A large bone in the wrist that plays a crucial role in hand movement and stability.

The capitate is the largest of the carpal bones found in the wrist. It is critical for facilitating a range of wrist movements. Positioned centrally among the carpal bones, it articulates with several neighboring bones, such as the scaphoid, lunate, and hamate, forming essential joints that enable complex hand motions. Its unique shape contributes significantly to the stability and mobility of the wrist joint.

Terminologia Anatomica

os capitatum

System

Skeletal system

Function

The primary function of the capitate bone is to act as a critical link between the forearm and the hand, providing a base around which the other carpal bones can pivot. This bone supports the wrist's weight distribution during various activities, such as gripping and lifting. Additionally, the capitate plays a vital role in the intricate movements of the hand, allowing for flexion, extension, and rotation. The smooth surface of its articulating facets facilitates the gliding motion between the carpal bones, essential for the dexterity and fine motor skills of the hand. Any impairment or injury to the capitate can significantly affect hand function and dexterity, highlighting its importance in daily activities.

Location

The capitate is located in the distal row of the carpal bones, positioned centrally at the wrist joint. It lies beneath the third metacarpal bone, which supports the middle finger. The capitate is flanked by the scaphoid and lunate bones proximally, while distally, it articulates with the third metacarpal and the hamate. Its strategic location enables it to serve as a keystone within the complex structure of the wrist, providing stability while allowing for a wide range of movement.

Did You Know?

The capitate is the largest carpal bone, making it crucial for maintaining wrist stability.
In some individuals, the capitate can exhibit variations in size or shape, which may affect wrist function.
The capitate bone is also known as 'os capitatum', from Latin meaning 'head-shaped'.
Fractures of the capitate are relatively rare but can lead to complications, including stiffness and loss of motion in the wrist.