Facial artery

An important blood vessel supplying the face and neck with oxygenated blood.

The facial artery is a major artery that branches from the external carotid artery, primarily responsible for delivering blood to the structures of the face. It supplies oxygen and nutrients to the skin, muscles, and other tissues, facilitating their function and maintaining their health.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria facialis

System

Circulatory system

Function

The primary function of the facial artery is to supply blood to the face, enabling essential processes such as facial movement, expression, and overall vitality of the facial skin. By delivering a fresh supply of oxygen and nutrients, the facial artery plays a crucial role in sustaining the metabolic activities of various facial tissues, including the muscles that allow for expressions in response to emotions. Additionally, this artery helps in thermoregulation by transporting blood, contributing to the maintenance of body temperature in the facial region. The facial artery branches out into smaller arteries that nourish specific areas of the face, including the cheeks, lips, and the area around the jaw, ensuring all facial components receive adequate blood supply for functioning.

Location

The facial artery emerges from the external carotid artery, typically at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage located at the neck. It travels upward and anteriorly, crossing the lower jaw and then continuing toward the face. As it ascends, the facial artery becomes more superficial, lying close to the facial tissues, and runs along the mandible while also giving off several branches. Notably, it can be found along the nasolabial fold and ultimately reaches the medial angle of the eye, where it anastomoses with branches from other arteries that supply the face. This strategic location allows it to effectively nourish major facial features such as the lips, nose, and eyes.

Did You Know?

The facial artery is sometimes used as a landmark for facial cosmetic procedures due to its predictable location.
In some individuals, the facial artery can have variations in its course and branching pattern, leading to differences in blood supply.
It is responsible for supplying the tonsils, palate, and submandibular gland, showcasing its extensive role beyond just the face.