Levator ani

A group of muscles that provide support to the pelvic organs and aid in maintaining continence.

The levator ani is a significant muscle group within the pelvic floor, consisting primarily of three muscles: the puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus. These muscles form a broad and thin sheet that stretches like a hammock from the pubic bone in the front to the coccyx at the back, playing a crucial role in pelvic organ support.

Terminologia Anatomica

levator-ani

System

Muscular system

Function

The primary function of the levator ani is to support the pelvic organs, which include the bladder, uterus, and rectum. This support is vital for maintaining proper positioning and function of these organs. The levator ani also plays a key role in controlling the passage of urine and feces, helping to maintain continence. During activities such as coughing or lifting heavy objects, these muscles contract to help manage intra-abdominal pressure. Additionally, they assist in providing stability during movement and can engage during sexual activities, contributing to overall pelvic floor strength and functionality.

Location

The levator ani muscles are located in the pelvic region, forming part of the pelvic floor. They reside between the coccyx and the pubic symphysis, spanning across the bottom of the pelvis. The muscles sit atop various organs such as the bladder, rectum, and, in females, the uterus. The surface of the levator ani is covered by connective tissue and fibrous structures, and it is in close proximity to other essential structures, including the anal canal and urethra, highlighting the complexity of this anatomical area.

Did You Know?

The levator ani is especially important for women, as its strength is crucial for supporting pelvic organ prolapse during and after pregnancy.
Weakness in the levator ani can lead to various conditions, including urinary incontinence and pelvic pain syndromes.
The puborectalis portion of the levator ani is especially important for maintaining fecal continence by forming a sling around the rectum.