Cephalic vein

A prominent vein that plays a vital role in draining blood from the upper limb.

The cephalic vein is a superficial vein located in the upper limb, primarily responsible for draining blood from the hand and forearm. It runs along the lateral (thumb) side of the forearm and ultimately empties into the axillary vein near the shoulder. Its accessibility makes it a common site for venipuncture.

Terminologia Anatomica

vena cephalica

System

Cardiovascular system

Function

The primary function of the cephalic vein is to return deoxygenated blood from the superficial tissues of the upper limb back to the heart. This vein collects blood from the dorsal venous network of the hand, where smaller veins converge, and channels it upward through the forearm. By providing an easy access point for medical procedures, the cephalic vein is widely used in intravenous therapies and blood sampling. Moreover, through its pathway, it plays a role in maintaining venous pressure and ensuring efficient circulation in the limb by facilitating blood flow towards the central venous system and ultimately the heart.

Location

The cephalic vein is strategically located along the lateral aspect of the forearm, beginning at the wrist area and running upwards towards the shoulder. It travels in a superficial position beneath the skin, making it easily visible in many individuals, especially those with lower body fat. As it ascends, it moves between the deltoid and pectoral muscles, eventually joining the axillary vein at the level of the first rib. Its connection to the axillary vein allows it to play a direct role in the venous drainage of the upper limb into the larger systemic veins.

Did You Know?

The cephalic vein is often visible and palpable, making it a preferred site for phlebotomy.
In some individuals, the cephalic vein can be unusually large, sometimes causing medical complications such as thrombophlebitis.
The cephalic vein communicates with the basilic vein via the median cubital vein, creating a network of superficial veins throughout the arm.
Variations in the anatomy of the cephalic vein can occur, leading to differences in drainage patterns in different individuals.