Internal iliac artery

A major vessel supplying blood to the pelvic region and the lower limbs.

The internal iliac artery is a large artery branching off from the common iliac artery to supply blood to the pelvis, gluteal region, and various pelvic organs. It is essential for delivering oxygenated blood to these areas and plays a critical role in several systemic functions.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria iliaca interna

System

Cardiovascular system

Function

The primary function of the internal iliac artery is to provide blood supply to the pelvic organs, including the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum, facilitating their proper function. It also delivers blood to the muscles and skin of the gluteal region, contributing to movement and sensation. This artery branches into several smaller arteries, including the superior and inferior gluteal arteries, lateral sacral arteries, and the obturator artery, each responsible for nurturing specific tissues in the pelvis and lower limbs. In scenarios where other arteries may become occluded, collateral circulation through the internal iliac artery can help maintain blood flow, showcasing its vital importance in ensuring adequate blood supply throughout the body.

Location

The internal iliac artery is located in the pelvis, branching off from the common iliac artery, which arises from the abdominal aorta. It typically originates around the level of the L4 vertebra. Each internal iliac artery extends downward, splitting into several branches that travel towards various pelvic muscles, organs, and structures. The artery runs posteriorly and laterally within the pelvic cavity, situated medial to the pelvic bones and adjacent to the sacrum, allowing it to efficiently serve its target areas.

Did You Know?

The internal iliac artery is sometimes referred to as the hypogastric artery due to its location in the lower abdomen.
Variations in the branching pattern of the internal iliac artery can occur among individuals, which can impact surgical procedures and interventions.
In addition to supplying blood to the pelvic organs, the internal iliac artery plays a role in delivering blood to the gluteal muscles, which are crucial for movement and stability of the lower body.