Glands of Zeis

Small sebaceous glands located on the margins of the eyelids, responsible for lubrication.

The glands of Zeis are specialized sebaceous glands situated at the base of the eyelashes. They secrete an oily substance that forms part of the tear film, which helps to lubricate the eyes and prevent keratitis. These glands play a crucial role in maintaining the health of the eyelid margins and overall ocular surface.

Terminologia Anatomica

glandulae-zeis

System

Integumentary system

Function

The primary function of the glands of Zeis is to produce a lipid-rich secretion that contributes to the tear film. This oily layer is vital for reducing evaporation of the tear film and ensuring that the surface of the eye remains moistened. By preventing dryness, these glands help to facilitate smooth eyelid movement during blinking. Furthermore, the secretion has antimicrobial properties that protect the eye from infections. Dysfunction of the glands can lead to conditions such as blepharitis or dry eye syndrome, highlighting their essential role in ocular health.

Location

The glands of Zeis are situated along the eyelid margins, embedded within the connective tissue of the eyelid. Specifically, they are located near the hair follicles of the eyelashes, with openings that release their oily secretion into the follicle. There are typically several dozen of these glands on each eyelid, and they are more concentrated in the lower eyelid than the upper eyelid. Their proximity to the eyelashes allows their secretion to directly contribute to the lubrication of the eyelid and the tear film function.

Did You Know?

The glands of Zeis can become clogged, leading to chalazia, which are localized swellings on the eyelids.
Unlike sweat glands, glands of Zeis are associated with hair follicles, sharing structural similarities with other sebaceous glands across the body.
These glands help to maintain the health of the corneal surface by preventing the tears from evaporating too quickly.