Cervical plexus

A network of nerves located in the neck region that plays a crucial role in sensory and motor function.

The cervical plexus is a complex network of nerves formed by the anterior rami of the first four cervical spinal nerves (C1 to C4). This plexus primarily supplies the head, neck, and parts of the shoulder and diaphragm. It is responsible for both sensory and motor innervation, facilitating responses in the upper body and providing essential connections to various organs.

Terminologia Anatomica

plexus-cervicalis

System

Nervous system

Function

The cervical plexus performs several important roles in the body. It provides motor innervation to the muscles that are responsible for movements in the neck and assists with actions such as shrugging the shoulders and turning the head. Sensory nerves originating from this plexus transmit information from the skin of the neck, upper chest, and parts of the ear, allowing for the perception of touch, temperature, and pain. Additionally, the cervical plexus contributes to the innervation of the diaphragm via the phrenic nerve, which is vital for respiration, as it controls the movement of this muscle during inhalation and exhalation.

Location

Located within the neck, the cervical plexus is situated deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, a prominent muscle in the side of the neck. The plexus typically lies on the anterior aspect of the cervical vertebrae, tucked away within the scalene muscles. The nerves of the plexus radiate outwards, emerging at various points to supply the head, neck, and upper limbs. Due to its position, the cervical plexus is closely associated with several important structures, including the carotid arteries and the jugular veins.

Did You Know?

The phrenic nerve, which arises from the cervical plexus, is essential for breathing and can originate from C3, C4, and C5 spinal nerves.
Damage to the cervical plexus can lead to significant impairments in neck mobility and respiratory function.
This plexus also provides innervation to the skin over the neck and parts of the ear, allowing for sensation in that area.