Stratified squamous epithelium

A multi-layered tissue that protects underlying structures from abrasion, pathogens, and chemical exposure.

Stratified squamous epithelium is a type of epithelial tissue composed of several layers of cells, where the outermost layer is flattened, or squamous. This tissue is primarily designed for protection and is found in areas of the body that experience significant abrasion and mechanical stress. The deeper layers may consist of cuboidal or columnar cells that continuously regenerate to replace the outer layers as they wear away.

Terminologia Anatomica

epithelium-stratificatum-squamorosum

System

Integumentary system

Function

The main function of stratified squamous epithelium is to provide a robust barrier against physical damage as well as microbial invasion. This tissue is critical in maintaining the integrity of the skin and mucosal surfaces. The multiple layers contribute to increased durability, allowing this type of epithelium to withstand friction and protect against pathogens. Furthermore, it plays a role in preventing water loss and maintaining hydration within the underlying tissues. In addition to these protective qualities, the stratified squamous epithelium is essential in certain locations for sensory perception, enabling the skin to respond to touch, pain, and temperature.

Location

Stratified squamous epithelium is located in various parts of the body, where it forms a protective barrier. It is prominently found in the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin, which is exposed to environmental stressors. Additionally, this type of epithelium lines the oral cavity, esophagus, and vagina, areas prone to abrasion due to the passage of food or other substances. Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, which has an outer layer of dead cells filled with keratin, is specifically present in regions subjected to greater friction, enhancing protection against water loss and microbial invasion.

Did You Know?

Stratified squamous epithelium can be keratinized or non-keratinized, depending on its location and function.
The thickest layer of stratified squamous epithelium found in the human body is in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, designed to resist wear and tear.
In addition to its protective role, this tissue also participates in the process of regeneration, with basal cells constantly dividing to replace damaged or lost cells.