Lingual artery

A key vessel supplying blood to the tongue and floor of the mouth.

The lingual artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that specifically supplies oxygenated blood to the tongue and parts of the floor of the mouth. It arises posterior to the greater horn of the hyoid bone and runs anteriorly towards the tongue, providing necessary nutrients to support its various functions.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria lingualis

System

Circulatory system

Function

The main function of the lingual artery is to deliver adequate blood supply to the tongue, which is essential for several critical functions. The tongue plays a vital role in the mechanical processes of mastication, allowing for the manipulation of food during chewing and facilitating the swallowing process. Additionally, it is instrumental in taste perception, as it houses taste buds that detect different flavors. Moreover, the rich blood supply from the lingual artery supports the health of muscle tissue within the tongue, aiding in its mobility and functional ability for speech, making it a significant component for communication.

Location

Situated in the anterior part of the neck, the lingual artery originates from the external carotid artery, typically at the level of the third cervical vertebra. After its origin, the artery travels deep to the submandibular gland, then winds beneath the hypoglossus muscle before reaching the tongue. As it progresses toward the tongue, it gives off several branches that supply various regions including the dorsal surface of the tongue, the anterior two-thirds of the tongue itself, and the structures of the floor of the mouth.

Did You Know?

Despite its relatively small size, the lingual artery is crucial for maintaining the complex functions of the tongue, including speech and taste.
The lingual artery can sometimes vary anatomically, meaning it may have additional branches or an altered pathway in different individuals.
In certain surgical procedures involving the tongue, the lingual artery's location must be considered to avoid excessive bleeding.