Brachial artery

The primary artery supplying blood to the upper arm, branching off from the axillary artery.

The brachial artery is a major blood vessel located in the arm. It is the continuation of the axillary artery once it passes the lower border of the teres major muscle. This artery runs down the arm and divides into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow, supplying blood to the muscles and tissues of the upper limb.

Terminologia Anatomica

arteria-brachialis

System

Circulatory system

Function

The brachial artery serves a critical role in delivering oxygenated blood from the heart to the arm and hand. It primarily supports the muscles in the upper arm, including the biceps brachii and triceps brachii, ensuring they receive the necessary nutrients and oxygen required for movement and function. As the artery progresses, it branches into the radial and ulnar arteries, supplying blood to the forearm and hand, which are essential for dexterous activities such as gripping, lifting, and fine motor movements. The brachial artery also plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure within the arm and contributes to the overall circulatory system by facilitating blood flow during physical activities.

Location

The brachial artery is located in the anterior compartment of the arm, beginning at the junction where the axillary artery ends. Specifically, it passes down the upper arm, lying medially to the humerus. As it descends, it travels inside the bicep muscle, running along the groove between the biceps and triceps. Near the elbow, the brachial artery divides into two major branches, the radial and ulnar arteries, which continue into the forearm. This strategic positioning allows it to closely accompany the major musculature of the arm, further enhancing its role in supplying blood efficiently throughout the upper limb.

Did You Know?

The brachial artery is commonly used to measure blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer, reflecting overall circulatory health.
In cases of severe injury or trauma to the upper arm, the brachial artery may be at risk of injury due to its proximity to the humerus.
The artery can vary in its anatomical path; in some individuals, anatomical variants such as trifurcation may occur before it divides.
During certain surgical procedures, the brachial artery can be ligated temporarily without impacting the blood supply to the hand thanks to the collateral circulation.