Vagina

The muscular canal that connects the external genitals to the uterus.

A key component of the female reproductive system, the vagina serves as a passageway for menstrual fluid, childbirth, and sexual intercourse. It is an elastic and flexible tunnel that provides a conduit for various reproductive functions. The vagina extends from the vulva, the external part of the female genitalia, to the cervix, which is the entrance to the uterus.

Terminologia Anatomica

vagina

System

Reproductive system

Function

The vagina plays several crucial roles within the female reproductive system. Its primary function is to serve as the birth canal during labor, facilitating the passage of the baby from the uterus to the outside world. This stretchability is due to its muscular structure, which contains layers of smooth muscle and connective tissue. During sexual intercourse, the vagina accommodates the penis, allowing for the possibility of sperm fertilization of an egg. In addition, it provides an exit route for menstrual fluid, which is expelled from the uterus. Furthermore, the vaginal walls contain glands that secrete fluids, contributing to lubrication and maintaining a healthy, balanced environment. This moist environment protects against infections and supports the overall health of the reproductive system.

Location

Situated within the pelvic cavity, the vagina is located behind the bladder and urethra, and in front of the rectum. This positioning allows it to serve its functions effectively. The vaginal canal typically has a length of about 7.5 to 10 centimeters but can stretch significantly during childbirth. The vaginal opening is bordered by the labia majora and labia minora, which form part of the external genitalia. The orientation and position of the vagina can vary slightly among individuals, influenced by factors such as age, hormonal changes, and childbirth history.

Did You Know?

The vagina has the ability to self-cleanse, utilizing natural secretions to maintain its pH balance.
Although the vagina itself is not capable of producing eggs, it plays a critical role in the fertilization and birthing processes.
The vaginal walls are rich in blood vessels, allowing for engorgement during sexual arousal, which contributes to sexual response.
The average pH level of the vagina is typically between 3.8 and 4.5, which is mildly acidic and helps inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria.